RapamycinFungusV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000622

Dietary l-Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiota.

Identifieur interne : 000622 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000621; suivant : 000623

Dietary l-Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiota.

Auteurs : Haiwei Liang [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhaolai Dai [République populaire de Chine] ; Jiao Kou [République populaire de Chine] ; Kaiji Sun [République populaire de Chine] ; Jingqing Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Ying Yang [République populaire de Chine] ; Guoyao Wu [République populaire de Chine, États-Unis] ; Zhenlong Wu [République populaire de Chine]

Source :

International journal of molecular sciences [ 1422-0067 ] ; 2018.

RBID : pubmed:30577574

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Acides aminés (sang), Animaux (MeSH), Animaux nouveau-nés (MeSH), Biodiversité (MeSH), Compléments alimentaires (MeSH), Expression des gènes (MeSH), Immunoglobuline A sécrétoire (biosynthèse), Microbiome gastro-intestinal (MeSH), Muqueuse intestinale (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Muqueuse intestinale (microbiologie), Muqueuse intestinale (métabolisme), Perméabilité (MeSH), Protéines de la jonction serrée (génétique), Protéines de la jonction serrée (métabolisme), Sevrage (MeSH), Suidae (MeSH), Transduction du signal (MeSH), Tryptophane (métabolisme), Tryptophane (pharmacologie), bêta-Défensines (génétique), bêta-Défensines (métabolisme).
MESH :
- biosynthèse : Immunoglobuline A sécrétoire.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Muqueuse intestinale.
- génétique : Protéines de la jonction serrée, bêta-Défensines.
- microbiologie : Muqueuse intestinale.
- métabolisme : Muqueuse intestinale, Protéines de la jonction serrée, Tryptophane, bêta-Défensines.
- pharmacologie : Tryptophane.
- sang : Acides aminés.
- Animaux, Animaux nouveau-nés, Biodiversité, Compléments alimentaires, Expression des gènes, Microbiome gastro-intestinal, Perméabilité, Sevrage, Suidae, Transduction du signal.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Amino Acids (blood), Animals (MeSH), Animals, Newborn (MeSH), Biodiversity (MeSH), Dietary Supplements (MeSH), Gastrointestinal Microbiome (MeSH), Gene Expression (MeSH), Immunoglobulin A, Secretory (biosynthesis), Intestinal Mucosa (drug effects), Intestinal Mucosa (metabolism), Intestinal Mucosa (microbiology), Permeability (MeSH), Signal Transduction (MeSH), Swine (MeSH), Tight Junction Proteins (genetics), Tight Junction Proteins (metabolism), Tryptophan (metabolism), Tryptophan (pharmacology), Weaning (MeSH), beta-Defensins (genetics), beta-Defensins (metabolism).
MESH :
- chemical , biosynthesis : Immunoglobulin A, Secretory.
- chemical , blood : Amino Acids.
- drug effects : Intestinal Mucosa.
- chemical , genetics : Tight Junction Proteins, beta-Defensins.
- metabolism : Intestinal Mucosa, Tight Junction Proteins, Tryptophan, beta-Defensins.
- microbiology : Intestinal Mucosa.
- chemical , pharmacology : Tryptophan.
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Biodiversity, Dietary Supplements, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gene Expression, Permeability, Signal Transduction, Swine, Weaning.

Abstract

l-Tryptophan (Trp) is known to play an important role in the health of the large intestine. However, a role of dietary Trp in the small-intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota remains poorly understood. The present study was conducted with weaned piglets to address this issue. Postweaning piglets were fed for 4 weeks a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% Trp. The small-intestinal microbiota and serum amino acids were analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing methods and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The mRNA levels for genes involved in host defense and the abundances of tight-junction proteins in jejunum and duodenum were measured by real time-PCR and Western blot techniques, respectively. The concentrations of Trp in the serum of Trp-supplemented piglets increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 0.2⁻0.4% Trp reduced the abundances of Clostridium sensu stricto and Streptococcus in the jejunum, increased the abundances of Lactobacillus and Clostridium XI (two species of bacteria that can metabolize Trp) in the jejunum, and augmented the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as well as mRNA levels for porcine β-defensins 2 and 3 in jejunal tissues. Moreover, dietary Trp supplementation activated the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and increased the abundances of tight-junction proteins (zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-3, and claudin-1) in jejunum and duodenum. We suggested that Trp-metabolizing bacteria in the small intestine of weaned pigs primarily mediated the beneficial effects of dietary Trp on its mucosal integrity, health, and function.

DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010020
PubMed: 30577574
PubMed Central: PMC6337174

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream Main, to step Corpus: 000383
to stream Main, to step Curation: 000383

Le document en format XML

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<term>Animals (MeSH)</term>
<term>Animals, Newborn (MeSH)</term>
<term>Biodiversity (MeSH)</term>
<term>Dietary Supplements (MeSH)</term>
<term>Gastrointestinal Microbiome (MeSH)</term>
<term>Gene Expression (MeSH)</term>
<term>Immunoglobulin A, Secretory (biosynthesis)</term>
<term>Intestinal Mucosa (drug effects)</term>
<term>Intestinal Mucosa (metabolism)</term>
<term>Intestinal Mucosa (microbiology)</term>
<term>Permeability (MeSH)</term>
<term>Signal Transduction (MeSH)</term>
<term>Swine (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tight Junction Proteins (genetics)</term>
<term>Tight Junction Proteins (metabolism)</term>
<term>Tryptophan (metabolism)</term>
<term>Tryptophan (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Weaning (MeSH)</term>
<term>beta-Defensins (genetics)</term>
<term>beta-Defensins (metabolism)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acides aminés (sang)</term>
<term>Animaux (MeSH)</term>
<term>Animaux nouveau-nés (MeSH)</term>
<term>Biodiversité (MeSH)</term>
<term>Compléments alimentaires (MeSH)</term>
<term>Expression des gènes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Immunoglobuline A sécrétoire (biosynthèse)</term>
<term>Microbiome gastro-intestinal (MeSH)</term>
<term>Muqueuse intestinale (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term>
<term>Muqueuse intestinale (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Muqueuse intestinale (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Perméabilité (MeSH)</term>
<term>Protéines de la jonction serrée (génétique)</term>
<term>Protéines de la jonction serrée (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Sevrage (MeSH)</term>
<term>Suidae (MeSH)</term>
<term>Transduction du signal (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tryptophane (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Tryptophane (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>bêta-Défensines (génétique)</term>
<term>bêta-Défensines (métabolisme)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="biosynthèse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Immunoglobuline A sécrétoire</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Intestinal Mucosa</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Muqueuse intestinale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Tight Junction Proteins</term>
<term>beta-Defensins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Protéines de la jonction serrée</term>
<term>bêta-Défensines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Intestinal Mucosa</term>
<term>Tight Junction Proteins</term>
<term>Tryptophan</term>
<term>beta-Defensins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Muqueuse intestinale</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Intestinal Mucosa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Muqueuse intestinale</term>
<term>Protéines de la jonction serrée</term>
<term>Tryptophane</term>
<term>bêta-Défensines</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Tryptophane</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Tryptophan</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Acides aminés</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Animals, Newborn</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>Dietary Supplements</term>
<term>Gastrointestinal Microbiome</term>
<term>Gene Expression</term>
<term>Permeability</term>
<term>Signal Transduction</term>
<term>Swine</term>
<term>Weaning</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Animaux nouveau-nés</term>
<term>Biodiversité</term>
<term>Compléments alimentaires</term>
<term>Expression des gènes</term>
<term>Microbiome gastro-intestinal</term>
<term>Perméabilité</term>
<term>Sevrage</term>
<term>Suidae</term>
<term>Transduction du signal</term>
</keywords>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">l-Tryptophan (Trp) is known to play an important role in the health of the large intestine. However, a role of dietary Trp in the small-intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota remains poorly understood. The present study was conducted with weaned piglets to address this issue. Postweaning piglets were fed for 4 weeks a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% Trp. The small-intestinal microbiota and serum amino acids were analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing methods and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The mRNA levels for genes involved in host defense and the abundances of tight-junction proteins in jejunum and duodenum were measured by real time-PCR and Western blot techniques, respectively. The concentrations of Trp in the serum of Trp-supplemented piglets increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 0.2⁻0.4% Trp reduced the abundances of <i>Clostridium sensu stricto</i>
 and <i>Streptococcus</i>
 in the jejunum, increased the abundances of <i>Lactobacillus</i>
 and <i>Clostridium XI</i>
 (two species of bacteria that can metabolize Trp) in the jejunum, and augmented the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as well as mRNA levels for porcine β-defensins 2 and 3 in jejunal tissues. Moreover, dietary Trp supplementation activated the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and increased the abundances of tight-junction proteins (zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-3, and claudin-1) in jejunum and duodenum. We suggested that Trp-metabolizing bacteria in the small intestine of weaned pigs primarily mediated the beneficial effects of dietary Trp on its mucosal integrity, health, and function.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30577574</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>04</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2020</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1422-0067</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>20</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>Dec</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>International journal of molecular sciences</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Int J Mol Sci</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Dietary l-Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiota.</ArticleTitle>
<ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">E20</ELocationID>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.3390/ijms20010020</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>l-Tryptophan (Trp) is known to play an important role in the health of the large intestine. However, a role of dietary Trp in the small-intestinal mucosal barrier and microbiota remains poorly understood. The present study was conducted with weaned piglets to address this issue. Postweaning piglets were fed for 4 weeks a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% Trp. The small-intestinal microbiota and serum amino acids were analyzed by bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing methods and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The mRNA levels for genes involved in host defense and the abundances of tight-junction proteins in jejunum and duodenum were measured by real time-PCR and Western blot techniques, respectively. The concentrations of Trp in the serum of Trp-supplemented piglets increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 0.2⁻0.4% Trp reduced the abundances of <i>Clostridium sensu stricto</i>
 and <i>Streptococcus</i>
 in the jejunum, increased the abundances of <i>Lactobacillus</i>
 and <i>Clostridium XI</i>
 (two species of bacteria that can metabolize Trp) in the jejunum, and augmented the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) as well as mRNA levels for porcine β-defensins 2 and 3 in jejunal tissues. Moreover, dietary Trp supplementation activated the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and increased the abundances of tight-junction proteins (zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-3, and claudin-1) in jejunum and duodenum. We suggested that Trp-metabolizing bacteria in the small intestine of weaned pigs primarily mediated the beneficial effects of dietary Trp on its mucosal integrity, health, and function.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liang</LastName>
<ForeName>Haiwei</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. lianghaiwei1988@hotmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. lianghaiwei1988@hotmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dai</LastName>
<ForeName>Zhaolai</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. daizhaolai@163.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kou</LastName>
<ForeName>Jiao</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. sckoujiao@163.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sun</LastName>
<ForeName>Kaiji</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. sunkaiji@hotmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chen</LastName>
<ForeName>Jingqing</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. CJQ9512@163.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yang</LastName>
<ForeName>Ying</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. cauvet@163.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName>
<ForeName>Guoyao</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. g-wu@exchange.tamu.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. g-wu@exchange.tamu.edu.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wu</LastName>
<ForeName>Zhenlong</ForeName>
<Initials>Z</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-9700-8874</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. bio2046@hotmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. bio2046@hotmail.com.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Switzerland</Country>
<MedlineTA>Int J Mol Sci</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101092791</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1422-0067</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D000596">Amino Acids</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D007071">Immunoglobulin A, Secretory</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D062725">Tight Junction Proteins</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D023083">beta-Defensins</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>8DUH1N11BX</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D014364">Tryptophan</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000596" MajorTopicYN="N">Amino Acids</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="N">blood</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000831" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals, Newborn</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D044822" MajorTopicYN="N">Biodiversity</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019587" MajorTopicYN="Y">Dietary Supplements</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000069196" MajorTopicYN="N">Gastrointestinal Microbiome</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015870" MajorTopicYN="N">Gene Expression</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007071" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunoglobulin A, Secretory</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000096" MajorTopicYN="N">biosynthesis</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007413" MajorTopicYN="N">Intestinal Mucosa</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000382" MajorTopicYN="N">microbiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010539" MajorTopicYN="N">Permeability</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013552" MajorTopicYN="N">Swine</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D062725" MajorTopicYN="N">Tight Junction Proteins</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014364" MajorTopicYN="N">Tryptophan</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="Y">metabolism</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014886" MajorTopicYN="N">Weaning</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D023083" MajorTopicYN="N">beta-Defensins</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">microbiota</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">mucosal defense</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">piglets</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">tight junction proteins</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">tryptophan</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
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<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year>
<Month>12</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
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<Month>12</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
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   |wiki=    Bois
   |area=    RapamycinFungusV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:30577574
   |texte=   Dietary l-Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiota.
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	Serveur d'exploration sur la rapamycine et les champignons
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Serveur d'exploration sur la rapamycine et les champignons

Dietary l-Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiota.

Dietary l-Tryptophan Supplementation Enhances the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Weaned Piglets: Implication of Tryptophan-Metabolizing Microbiota.

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